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- Explain various steps involved VLSI Design flow from requirements to packaging
- List down the inputs required for each stage of VLSI Design flow
- VLSI Design flow has various types of verification/validation as below, list down significant differences among these.
- Functional verification
- Formal verification
- Physical verification
- Post silicon validation
- Timing closure(STA)
- Gate level simulations
- Assertion based verification
- What is DFT, explain different types of DFT techniques. What type of faults does it catch?
- What is lint checks? Which tool is used for the same? What stage of VLSI flow is it done?
- List down various EDA tools used in different stages of VLSI flow.
- Ex: Spyglass used for lint checks during RTL Design phase, etc
- How do we ensure that synthesized netlist is functionally matching the RTL code behavior?
- What is SDF? What do we mean by SDF annotation? Who generates the SDF files? Where is it used? List down various types of delays in chip
- STA & Gate level simulations are used for checking setup and hold time violations, why should we do both, if both are meant for same purpose?
- What is the difference between pre-layout STA and post layout STA?
- What is the significance of Standard cell library? Which aspects of VLSI flow requires these?
- What is a testbench? List down various components of testbench and write the significance of each of the components.
- What is Physical design? What are various steps involved in Physical design flow?
- What is the significance of GDSII in VLSI flow
- The synthesized output is called netlist, what is the reason for this naming?
- What is the difference between behavioral verilog code and gate level netlist?
- List down various components and subsystems in a typical Mobile phone SOC
- What is NOC, list down various types of NOC’s in a complex SOC
- What does PVT stand for. What is the significance in timing closure.
- What is the significance of test patterns in post silicon validation
- List down various categories of test cases used in functional verification flow
- List down the reasons why industry is moving from BJT to CMOS to FinFET for lower nodes.(14nm and below is FinFET)
- What is base tapeout and metal tapeout?
- What is low power verification? Why SOC is divided in voltage domains, power domains and clock domains?
- What is the significance of global clock controller and how clock routing works in SOC
- List down various types of SOC platforms in VLSI industry?
- ex: Networking chips, mobile SOC, etc
- List down atleast 10 processors used in various SOC
- Ex: Cortex A57 from ARM
- What is interrupt mapping? Why is it important
- What is address mapping? Significance?
- If a chip fault or functional issue is detected at post silicon validation checks, how is it fixed? What is RMA? What is ECO?
- List down at least 10 features of a mobile phone SOC that architect uses as input to develop architecture.
- What is Scan flop, what is the significance? What is scan chain?
- How ASIC flow differs from FPGA flow?
- What do we mean by Synthesizable RTL code?
- List down atleast 5 on-chip communication protocols and 5 peripheral communication protocols used in various chips
- Assuming mobile phone SOC flow takes 1 year time, write the timeline and various stages performed during this?
- ex: Architecture: 1st month
- RTL coding: starts in 1st month, alteast goes for 3 months
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